Iraq is facing a devastating surge in domestic violence, exacerbated by the COVID-19 lockdowns. With families confined to their homes, tensions are rising, and vulnerable individuals are finding themselves trapped in increasingly dangerous situations. Reports indicate a dramatic increase in abuse cases, leaving authorities and activists scrambling to address the crisis.
A Crisis Intensified by Lockdown
Since mid-March, when nationwide lockdowns were implemented to curb the spread of the coronavirus, domestic violence cases have skyrocketed across Iraq. Brigadier General Ghalib Atiyah, Iraq's community police chief, reported a staggering average increase of 30% in domestic violence cases since the curfew began, with some areas experiencing spikes as high as 50%. This alarming trend highlights the vulnerability of individuals trapped in abusive environments during times of isolation and restricted movement.
The United Nations in Iraq (UNAMI) has documented a series of horrifying incidents, including rape, spousal assault, immolation, and even suicide. These reports paint a grim picture of the escalating violence and the desperate circumstances faced by many Iraqis.
"Everyone spends long time together inside the home. The most trivial thing can turn into a controversy..." - Hana Edwar, Amal NGO
One particularly tragic case that has captured the nation's attention is that of Malak al-Zubeidi. This young woman was brutally beaten by her husband, a policeman, and suffered severe burns. Her story went viral, sparking outrage and calls for justice. Sadly, despite public attention, Malak succumbed to her injuries ten days later. Her case underscores the urgent need for systemic change and better protection for victims of domestic abuse.
Systemic Failures and Calls for Reform
The challenges in addressing domestic violence in Iraq are compounded by systemic issues and legal loopholes. Article 41 of Iraq's penal code allows men to "punish" their wives and children within the bounds of law and customs, a provision that has been used to dismiss cases against abusers. Furthermore, many misconduct allegations are handled in tribal courts, which often prioritize tradition over justice.
A recent survey by the International Organization for Migration revealed that 85% of Iraqi men would prevent female relatives from filing a police report, highlighting the deep-seated cultural and societal barriers that prevent victims from seeking help. Moreover, there are very few shelters available for victims, leaving them with limited options for escape and support.
A Path Forward
Activists are tirelessly lobbying Iraq's parliament to enact more comprehensive domestic violence legislation that would protect victims and deter future perpetrators. They are calling for an end to impunity for abusers and for the establishment of more support services for survivors. The case of Malak al-Zubeidi has become a rallying cry for change, galvanizing public opinion and putting pressure on lawmakers to take action.
While the challenges are significant, there is a growing awareness of the problem and a determination to address it. By strengthening legal protections, providing support services, and challenging harmful cultural norms, Iraq can begin to create a safer and more just society for all its citizens.
Following public outcry, three of Malak's male relatives received six-month prison sentences for "failing to help anyone in danger," demonstrating a small step towards accountability. However, much more needs to be done to ensure that victims of domestic violence receive the protection and justice they deserve.